In News:

The 2nd Indian Lighthouse Festival was held with the aim of promoting lighthouse tourism and celebrating India’s maritime legacy.

Strategic Importance of the Lighthouse Projects

• The Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) has invested significantly in developing lighthouses as tourist hubs. The festival marks a concerted effort to integrate tourism with the preservation of these iconic structures.
• Lighthouse tourism has witnessed a remarkable increase of over 400% in visitor numbers since 2014, as part of India's broader vision to promote the blue economy.
  • • From just 4 lakh visitors in 2014, the footfall surged to 16 lakh in 2023-24, with over 9 lakh tourists already in the first half of FY 2024-25.

Key Projects and Announcements at the Festival

• New Lighthouses: The announcement of the two new lighthouses at Chaumuck and Dhamra along Odisha’s coastline is significant for enhancing coastal infrastructure and promoting maritime tourism in the state.
• Kalwan Reef Lighthouse: Located in Jamnagar, Gujarat, this lighthouse is part of a broader effort to enhance maritime navigation and heritage conservation along India’s western coastline.
• Development of Coastal Communities: Highlighted the importance of empowering coastal communities, particularly those living around lighthouses, to preserve and promote these structures as national cultural icons. These communities are expected to play a crucial role in lighthouse preservation, as well as in tourism and local economic development.
• Paradip Port Initiatives: Additionally, major infrastructure projects at Paradip Port, such as a stacker-cum-reclaimer and a flyover bridge, were inaugurated to further bolster the port’s capabilities and enhance its role in maritime logistics. The Sagarmala Programme also continues to transform Paradip Port into a mega port with a projected handling capacity of 500 MTPA by 2047.

Economic and Employment Impact

The development of 75 iconic lighthouses across 9 coastal states and one Union Territory is not only aimed at tourism development but also focuses on job creation. As of 2024:

• More than 150 direct jobs and 500 indirect jobs have been created in sectors such as hospitality, transportation, and local crafts, driven by the increasing footfall at these tourist destinations.
• The creation of modern amenities at these lighthouses, such as museums, amphitheaters, and children’s parks, has helped in transforming lighthouses into multifaceted tourism hubs that attract both domestic and international tourists.

Collaborative Efforts for Preservation and Promotion

• Public-Private Partnerships (PPP): Encouraging collaboration between the government, local communities, and private stakeholders to develop and maintain lighthouses as sustainable tourist destinations.
• National Framework: A central association will be created to manage coastal societies surrounding lighthouses, enabling local communities to actively participate in their preservation, protection, and promotion.
• Cultural Integration: The event also underscored the need for integrating cultural heritage with tourism development, using the lighthouses as platforms to showcase local art, cuisine, and history.

In News:

• The ‘eShram-One Stop Solution’ will be launched on 21 October 2024 by the Union Minister of Labour & Employment and Youth Affairs & Sports.
• Objective: To provide easy access to various social security and welfare schemes for unorganized workers in India.

Key Features

• Mediator Platform: The eShram-One Stop Solution will act as an intermediary to facilitate the integration of multiple government schemes for unorganized workers, ensuring efficient access to services and support.
• Information Integration: It will integrate data on beneficiaries across various social security and welfare programs meant for unorganized workers, providing a single point of access.
• Target Group: Aimed at unorganized workers, including daily wage earners, migrants, and others who do not have regular formal employment.

Benefits

• Awareness & Accessibility: The platform will make unorganized workers aware of various government schemes tailored to their needs, helping them access benefits more easily.
• Effective Scheme Implementation: The eShram-One Stop Solution will aid in the identification and implementation of welfare schemes for faster saturation and coverage.

Integration with Existing Schemes

• 12 Integrated Schemes: Currently, 12 social security schemes from different ministries/departments have already been mapped with eShram.

eShram’s Progress So Far

• Launch: eShram was launched on 26 August 2021.
• Achievements: Over 30 crore unorganized workers have been enrolled, highlighting the widespread impact and popularity of the initiative among the target population.

In News:

Indo-Oman bilateral naval exercise Naseem-Al-Bahr was held in Goa from October 2024.

Naseem-Al-Bahr Exercise Overview

• Indian and Omani Participants:
  • Indian Navy: INS Trikand (warship) and Dornier Maritime Patrol Aircraft.
  • Royal Navy of Oman: Vessel Al Seeb.

• Initiation: Launched in 1993, marking a long-standing strategic partnership between India and Oman.
• Structure: The exercise is conducted in two phases:
  • Harbour Phase:
    • Professional Interactions: Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEE), planning conferences.
    • Social & Sports Engagements: Informal activities to foster mutual understanding.
  • Sea Phase:
    • Naval Operations:
      • Gun firings at surface inflatable targets.
      • Close-range anti-aircraft firings.
      • Replenishment at Sea Approaches (RASAPS).
    • Helicopter Operations: INS Trikand’s helicopter performed cross-deck landings and Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP) with RNOV Al Seeb.
    • Aircraft Support: Dornier aircraft provided Over-the-Horizon Targeting (OTHT) data to enhance operational coordination.

Key Highlights of the 2024 Exercise

• Interoperability: The exercise focused on improving operational coordination and enhancing mutual understanding of naval practices.
• Cohesion: The Indian Navy Sea Riders embarked on RNOV Al Seeb to further strengthen the bilateral relationship.

Strategic Significance

• Strengthening Ties: Naseem-Al-Bahr reaffirms the strong strategic relationship between India and Oman.
• Regional Collaboration: This exercise exemplifies India's growing collaboration with like-minded nations in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
• Broader Defence Relations:
  • Oman is the first GCC country to conduct such bilateral naval exercises with India.
  • Both countries also engage in other defence exercises:
    • Army: Al Najah.
    • Air Force: Eastern Bridge.

Trade Relations Between India and Oman (2022):

• Oil: India is the second-largest market for Oman's crude oil exports, following China.
• Non-oil Exports: India is Oman's fourth-largest market for non-oil exports, after UAE, US, and Saudi Arabia.
• Imports: India is the second-largest source of Oman's imports, following the UAE.
• Ongoing Trade Agreement: Both nations are currently negotiating a trade agreement to further boost bilateral economic cooperation.

In News:

• The Union Government has sanctioned three pilot projects under the National Green Hydrogen Mission to explore the use of green hydrogen in steel production.
  • The initiative aims to demonstrate safe and efficient hydrogen-based steelmaking processes, validate their technical feasibility, and evaluate economic viability for low-carbon steel production.
• Objectives of the Scheme:
  • Identify and test advanced technologies for utilizing green hydrogen in the steel sector.
  • Demonstrate safe and secure operation of hydrogen-based steel production.
  • Validate technical and economic feasibility, contributing to decarbonization of iron and steel manufacturing.
• Pilot Project Components:
  • • 100% Hydrogen-based Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) using vertical shaft furnaces.
    • Hydrogen use in Blast Furnace to reduce coal/coke consumption.
    • Hydrogen injection in vertical shaft-based DRI units.
• Sanctioned Pilot Projects:

• Matrix Gas and Renewables Ltd
  • Capacity: 50 tons per day (TPD).
  • Consortium Partners: Gensol Engineering Ltd, IIT Bhubaneswar, Metsol AB (Sweden).
• Simplex Castings Ltd
  • Capacity: 40 TPD.
  • Consortium Partners: BSBK Pvt. Ltd., Ten Eight Investment, IIT Bhilai.
• Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL)
  • Capacity: 3,200 TPD (Ranchi).

• Financial Support:
  • Total Government Funding: ?347 crore for the three projects.
  • These pilot projects are expected to be commissioned within the next three years and may serve as a blueprint for scaling up such technologies in India.
• About the National Green Hydrogen Mission:
  • Launched: January 4, 2023.
  • Total Budget: ?19,744 crore (up to FY 2029-30).
  • Primary Goal: Establish India as a global hub for green hydrogen production and export while fostering decarbonization in sectors like steel, mobility, and energy.
• Key Features of the Mission:
  • SIGHT (Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition):
    • Supports domestic manufacturing of electrolysers and promotes the production and use of green hydrogen.
  • Expected Outcomes by 2030:
    • Green Hydrogen Production: At least 5 million metric tons (MMT) annually.
    • Renewable Energy: Addition of 125 GW in renewable energy capacity.
    • Investment: Over ?8 lakh crore in green hydrogen technologies.
    • Employment: Creation of 6 lakh jobs.
    • Reduction in Fossil Fuel Imports: Savings of over ?1 lakh crore.
    • GHG Emissions Reduction: Avoidance of nearly 50 MMT of annual greenhouse gas emissions.
• Phase-wise Implementation:
  • Phase I (2022-26): Focus on demand creation and initial deployment in existing hydrogen-using sectors (like steel and mobility).
  • Phase II (2026-30): Expansion to new sectors with a push toward commercialization of green hydrogen.

The National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to significantly decarbonize India’s steel sector and other industries by leveraging hydrogen technology. With ?347 crore allocated for pilot projects in steelmaking, the initiative sets the stage for scalable, low-carbon steel production, contributing to India's clean energy transition and supporting its goal to become a global leader in green hydrogen.

In News:

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the ‘Karmayogi Saptah’ - National Learning Week on 19th October at Dr. Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi.

Key Highlights:

• Context:

• The National Learning Week is a key event in the ongoing Mission Karmayogi initiative, aimed at building a civil service rooted in Indian ethos with a global outlook.

• Objective:

• To promote capacity building for civil servants through competency-linked learning.
• To align civil servants with national goals and foster a "One Government" approach.

• About National Learning Week (NLW):

• Largest learning event for civil servants, focused on individual and organizational growth.
• Encourages lifelong learning and continuous professional development.
• Provides fresh impetus to the Mission Karmayogi initiative, launched in September 2020, aimed at a future-ready, citizen-centric civil service.

• Learning Targets for Karmayogis:

• Each civil servant (Karmayogi) must complete at least 4 hours of competency-linked learning during the week.
• Learning opportunities include:
  • Role-based modules on iGOT (Integrated Government Online Training platform).
  • Webinars, public lectures, and policy masterclasses by prominent experts.
  • Focus on improving skills for citizen-centric service delivery.

• Workshops & Seminars:

• Ministries, departments, and organizations organized domain-specific workshops and seminars.
• The goal is to enhance skills and knowledge, fostering better public service delivery.

• Outcomes:

• Strengthened alignment of civil servants with national priorities and goals.
• Enhanced individual competencies to better address citizen needs.
• A stronger commitment to continuous learning within the civil service.

In News:

Government and Meta join forces for "Scam se Bacho" Campaign to tackle rising online scams.

Key Details

• The "Scam Se Bacho" initiative aims to create a safer, more secure digital India by empowering users to protect themselves against growing cyber threats, contributing to the resilience of India’s digital progress.
• Objective: To combat rising online scams and cyber frauds by promoting digital safety and vigilance across India.

• Partners:
  • Meta (formerly Facebook)
  • Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
  • Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
  • Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB)
  • Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C)

Purpose and Vision

• Goal: Empower Indian citizens with the knowledge and tools to protect themselves from online scams and cyber threats.
• Strategic Focus:
  • Foster a culture of digital safety and vigilance.
  • Align with the Digital India initiative, which has seen extraordinary growth in digital services, including 900 million internet users and leadership in UPI transactions.
  • The campaign aims to build a national movement to safeguard citizens, emphasizing the importance of cyber literacy and digital security.

Key Points

• Growing Cybersecurity Threats:
  • India has seen a surge in cyber frauds, with 1.1 million cases reported in 2023.
  • The government is committed to addressing these threats through stronger cybersecurity measures and enhancing digital literacy.
• Meta’s Role:
  • Meta’s global expertise in online safety will be leveraged to equip citizens with the knowledge to prevent cyber scams.
  • Meta’s collaboration with the government aims to extend the reach of the campaign nationwide.

Features of the "Scam Se Bacho" Campaign

• Nationwide Reach:
  • The initiative targets India’s 900 million internet users, making it a comprehensive national effort.
• Government Support:
  • Backed by key ministries to ensure alignment with national digital and cybersecurity goals under Digital India.
  • Whole-of-government approach to raise awareness on cyber safety.
• Educational Focus:
  • The campaign emphasizes educating citizens on how to recognize and prevent online scams and threats.

In News:

The Department of School Education & Literacy (DoSE&L), Ministry of Education, hosted a two-day Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States (STARS) knowledge sharing workshop in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

• Event Overview:
  • Two-day workshop hosted by the Department of School Education & Literacy (DoSE&L), Ministry of Education.
  • Focus areas: School-to-Work Transition and Strengthening the Assessment System.
• Key Objectives:
  • To enhance school-to-work transitions.
  • To discuss strengthening educational assessment systems.
  • Align education with future workforce needs as per the National Education Policy 2020.

Day 1: School-to-Work Transition

Panel Discussions:

• Policy Frameworks:
  • Role of National Education Policy 2020, National Curriculum Framework (NCF), and National Credit Framework (NCrF) in school-to-work transitions.
  • Focus on integrating skill education into school curricula, fostering multidisciplinary learning, and continuous evaluation to meet industry standards.
  • Emphasis on internships, apprenticeships, and flexible learning pathways.
• Curriculum Integration:
  • Need for integrated efforts across departments and aligning curriculum with industry demands.
  • Focus on strengthening 21st-century skills in CBSE schools.
• Career Counselling and Psychometric Analysis:
  • Focus on using psychometric assessments for career counselling and preparing students for future work environments.
• Work-Based Learning:
  • Discussed partnerships with industry for work-based learning.
  • Effective collaborations between schools and industry for internships, placements, and best practices.

Day 2: Strengthening Assessment System

• Psychometric Analysis & Career Counselling:
  • Smt. Idzes Angmo Kundan (Principal Secretary, Maharashtra) presented the 3 P approach to career choices: Personal Interest, Parental Approach, and Possible Opportunities.
• Enhancing Student Outcomes:
  • Discussed improving student outcomes by strengthening assessment systems.
  • Shared innovations in educational assessments.
  • Highlighted innovative assessment practices for future education.
• VSK Implementation (Chhattisgarh):
  • Discussed VSK modes, data analysis, and strategies for integrating assessment outcomes with learning objectives.
• Strengthening Assessment Cells:
  • Advocated for the establishment of assessment cells.
  • Discussed best practices and challenges in strengthening assessment cells across states.

In News:

Samarth is a demand-driven and placement-oriented umbrella skilling program of the Ministry of Textiles. Samarth Scheme has been extended for two years (FY 2024-25 and 2025-26) with a budget of Rs. 495 Crore to train 3 lakh persons in textile-related skills.

Key Details:

• Scheme Name: Samarth (Scheme for Capacity Building in Textile Sector)
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Textiles
• Extension Period: FY 2024-25 and 2025-26
• Budget: ?495 Crores
• Target: Train 3 lakh individuals in textile-related skills

Objectives

• Skilling Programs: Provide demand-driven, placement-oriented training.
• Industry Support: Encourage job creation in organized textile and related sectors.
• Skill Enhancement: Focus on upskilling and reskilling in traditional sectors (handloom, handicraft, silk, jute).

Implementation

• Implementing Partners:
  • Textile Industry/Industry Associations
  • Central/State government agencies
  • Sectoral Organizations (e.g., DC/Handloom, Central Silk Board)
• Current Achievements:
  • Total Trained: 3.27 lakh candidates
  • Employment Rate: 2.6 lakh (79.5%) have secured jobs
  • Women Empowerment: 2.89 lakh (88.3%) women trained

Scheme Features

• Coverage: Entire textile value chain, excluding spinning and weaving.
• Training Focus:
  • Entry-level skilling
  • Upskilling/reskilling existing workers in apparel and garmenting
• Beneficiaries: Handicraft artisans and job seekers in the textile sector.

Background

• Cabinet Approval: The scheme is a continuation of the Integrated Skill Development Scheme from the 12th Five Year Plan.
• Implementation Agency: Office of the Development Commissioner (Handicrafts).

In News:

All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi is organising its first-ever international conference - Advancements of Research & Global Opportunities for Holistic Ayurveda - AROHA-2024.

Key Details:

• Theme: "Advancements in Research & Global Opportunities for Holistic Ayurveda"
• Conference Goals
  • Position Ayurveda as a key pillar of global health and wellness.
  • Facilitate dynamic exchanges among scholars, industry leaders, and practitioners.
  • Explore the integration of traditional Ayurvedic wisdom with modern scientific advancements.
• Agenda Highlights
  • Topics Covered:
    • Ayurveda and ethnomedicine
    • Quality control and standardization
    • Diagnosis and drug delivery
    • Evidence-based understanding and globalization
• Institute Background
  • All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA): Apex institute for Ayurveda with NAAC A++, NABH, and ISO accreditations.
  • Facilities: 200-bed referral hospital, 44 specialty departments.
  • Global Collaborations: Partnerships with institutions in 17 countries, including London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Western Sydney University.
  • Innovations: Focus on research, drug development, and scientific validation of Ayurvedic practices.
• Participant Benefits
  • Networking Opportunities: Engage with experts in Ayurveda and holistic healthcare.
  • Learning Experiences: Attend plenary sessions, round table discussions, and exhibitions on medicinal plants and startups in Ayurveda.
  • Recognition: Awards for contributions to Ayurveda.
  • Research and Innovation Focus: Discussions on technology integration, including AI and bioinformatics.

In News:

The National e-Governance Division (NeGD) has announced the integration of the UMANG app with DigiLocker- India’s Digital Wallet. This collaboration aims to provide citizens with seamless access to a wide range of government services bringing greater convenience and allowing users to manage multiple services through a single platform.

UMANG app

• The UMANG app is accessible to all Android users with an expansion to iOS in the pipeline.
• The UMANG mobile app is an all-in-one single, unified, secure, multi-channel, multi-lingual, multi-service mobile app.
• It provides access to high-impact services of various organizations of the Union and States. 

Simplified Citizen-Government interaction

This integration makes it easier for citizens to interact with the Government in an efficient, digital-first manner. DigiLocker has always been a pioneer in simplifying access to personal and official documents, and after integration with UMANG, it has expanded the range of services you can access on the go.

About DigiLocker
DigiLocker is a flagship initiative under the Digital India program aimed at providing secure cloud-based storage of essential documents. By integrating with e-governance services such as UMANG, DigiLocker further is committed to further enhance accessibility and ease of living.

In News:

World Food Day, observed annually on October 16, has its roots in the establishment of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) by the United Nations in 1945.

Significance: World Food Day emphasizes the critical need to address global hunger and promote resilient food systems capable of overcoming challenges like climate change and economic disparities.

Introduction

• Food is vital for life, health, and well-being.
• Despite sufficient global food production, millions lack access to nutritious food.
• World Food Day serves as a reminder of ongoing challenges in achieving food security.

History and Theme

• Origins: Established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1945, officially recognized in 1979.
• First Celebration: Took place in 1981 with the theme "Food Comes First."
• 2024 Theme: "Right to Food for a Better Life and a Better Future," highlighting that food security is essential for dignity and health. It emphasizes the need for sustainable practices and equitable distribution.

India’s Commitment to Food Security

• India has made significant strides in combating hunger through various programs aimed at malnutrition and poverty alleviation.
• Key initiatives include:

1. National Food Security Act (NFSA): Provides subsidized food grains to 75% of the rural and 50% of the urban population, benefiting about 81 crore individuals.
2. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY): Offers free food grains to approximately 81.35 crore beneficiaries, extending support during the COVID-19 pandemic for an additional five years.
3. PM POSHAN Scheme: Aims to improve children's nutritional status in government schools with a budget of ?12,467.39 crores for 2024-25.
4. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY): Focuses on the most vulnerable populations, supporting over 8.92 crore individuals and empowering women.
5. Rice Fortification: Distribution of fortified rice through the Public Distribution System has improved nutritional intake for millions.
6. Price Stability Initiatives: The government manages price volatility of essential commodities using the Price Stabilization Fund (PSF) and ensures affordability through strategic product launches.

Global Recognition of Indian Cuisine

• The Indian Thali has been recognized for its nutritional and sustainable qualities by the WWF Living Planet Report.
• Its plant-based composition contributes to lower resource use and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
• If globally adopted, India’s dietary patterns could significantly lessen the environmental burden.

Significance

• India’s comprehensive initiatives reflect its dedication to food security and improving citizens' quality of life.
• By enhancing agricultural productivity and supporting vulnerable populations, India makes strides towards eradicating hunger.
• On World Food Day, these efforts underline India's commitment to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger, while serving as a model for global food security initiatives.

In News:

• The Prime Minister commended the completion of three years of the PM GatiShakti National Master Plan, calling it a transformative initiative for India’s infrastructure development.
• Key Benefits: The plan enhances multimodal connectivity and improves efficiency across various sectors, contributing to logistics, job creation, and innovation.

Overview of PM GatiShakti National Master Plan

• Launch Date: October 2021
• Objective: A transformative initiative worth ?100 lakh crore aimed at revolutionizing India’s infrastructure over five years.
• Development Tool: Created as a Digital Master Planning tool by the Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geoinformatics (BISAG-N).
• GIS Platform: Utilizes a dynamic Geographic Information System to integrate action plans from various ministries into a comprehensive database.
• Goals: Accelerate project completion, reduce timelines, and enhance India’s global competitiveness by addressing inter-ministerial challenges.

Key Features

• Digital Integration: A digital platform coordinating the efforts of 16 ministries for seamless infrastructure planning.
• Multi-Sector Collaboration: Incorporates initiatives from major programs like Bharatmala and Sagarmala.
• Economic Zones Development: Focuses on key areas such as textile clusters and pharmaceutical hubs to boost productivity.
• Technology Utilization: Employs advanced spatial planning tools and ISRO satellite imagery for data-driven project management.

Core Sectors Driving the Plan

• The National Master Plan is centered around seven primary sectors that enhance economic growth and connectivity, supported by sectors like energy transmission and social infrastructure.

Six Pillars of PM GatiShakti

1. Comprehensiveness: Integrates various initiatives through a centralized portal, ensuring efficient planning.
2. Prioritisation: Allows ministries to prioritize projects based on national importance and resource allocation.
3. Optimisation: Identifies infrastructure gaps and selects the most efficient transportation routes.
4. Synchronisation: Ensures coordinated efforts across ministries to avoid delays.
5. Analytical Capabilities: Offers extensive data layers for improved spatial planning and decision-making.
6. Dynamic Monitoring: Uses satellite imagery for real-time project tracking and adjustments.

Achievements of PM GatiShakti

• District-Level Expansion: Extended to 27 aspirational districts, with plans for 750 in the near future.
• Technological Integration: Enhanced real-time infrastructure planning using geospatial tools.
• Global Outreach: The GatiShakti tool showcased to 30 countries and highlighted at international conferences.
• Social Sector Benefits: Identified areas for new healthcare facilities and improved planning in various districts.
• Rural and Urban Development: Implemented projects for irrigation and city logistics in multiple states.
• Employment Initiatives: Utilized for setting up training institutes near industrial clusters.

In News:

Union Minister for Education, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, announced the establishment of three AI Centres of Excellence (CoE) focused on Healthcare, Agriculture, and Sustainable Cities in New Delhi.

Key Details:

1. Establishment of Three AI-CoEs:
   • Focus Areas:
     • Healthcare: Led by AIIMS and IIT Delhi.
     • Agriculture: Led by IIT Ropar, Punjab.
     • Sustainable Cities: Led by IIT Kanpur.
   • Collaboration: CoEs will work with industry partners and start-ups.
2. Financial Commitment:
   • Total Approved Budget: ?990 crore for FY 2023-24 to FY 2027-28.
   • Purpose: Support the establishment and operation of the CoEs.
3. Vision and Impact:
   • Pradhan emphasized the CoEs' role as solution providers for global public good.
   • Expected to create a new generation of job and wealth creators.
   • Aims to strengthen India's credentials in the global AI landscape.
4. Leadership and Implementation:
   • Apex Committee: Co-chaired by Shri Sridhar Vembu (Zoho CEO).
   • Committee includes industry leaders and academic heads.
   • Shri K. Sanjay Murthy highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary research and collaboration.
5. Future Prospects:
   • Dr. Vembu noted the CoEs will enhance the health of villages and cities, nurture talent, and generate opportunities.
   • The initiative aligns with India's vision of "Viksit Bharat" (Developed India).
6. Presentation and Film:
   • Insights into the development of AI-CoEs presented by Smt. Saumya Gupta.
   • A short film titled "Make AI in India and Make AI work for India" was showcased.

The establishment of these Centres of Excellence in AI signifies a major step toward fostering an effective AI ecosystem in India, aimed at developing scalable solutions and enhancing human resources in critical sectors.

In News:

Recently, International Abhidhamma Divas was celebrated at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi, with PM Narendra Modi.

Key Details:

• India's Spiritual Legacy: Birthplace of Buddhism; site of Gautam Buddha's enlightenment.
• Sacred Sites: Veneration of locations like Bodh Gaya, symbolizing Buddha's journey and teachings.
• Core Teachings: Abhidhamma as a key philosophical component emphasizing mental discipline and self-awareness.

International Abhidhamma Divas

• Global Observation: Celebrates the significance of Abhidhamma in ethical conduct and mindfulness.
• Cultural Connection: Highlights India's role in preserving Buddhism and bridging ancient wisdom with contemporary practices.

Historical Background and Significance

• Commemoration: Marks Buddha’s descent from T?vati?sa to Sankassiya (Sankisa Basantapur).
• Teaching Period: Buddha taught the Abhidhamma to deities for three months; linked to the end of the Rainy Retreat and the Pav?ra?? festival.

Teachings of Abhidhamma

• Systematic Analysis: Provides a detailed exploration of mind and matter, differing from Sutta Pi?aka.
• Specialized Vocabulary: Key terms include "citta" (consciousness), "cetasika" (mental factors), "r?pa" (materiality), and "nibb?na" (liberation).
• Textual Framework: Six core books of Abhidhamma Piñaka cover moral states, aggregates, and causal relationships.
• Key Treatise: The Paññh?na offers in-depth causal analysis, essential for practitioners’ understanding.

Modern Observance and Celebrations

• Significance of Pali: Recognition of Pali as a classical language; promoting India's Buddhist heritage.
• Participants: Gathering of ambassadors, monks, scholars from 14 countries; emphasizes Abhidhamma's relevance today.
• Program Highlights: Dhamma discourse, academic sessions on Abhidhamma’s significance, exhibitions on Pali's evolution and Buddha's teachings.

Classical Status of Pali Language

• Pali's Role: Sacred language for delivering Buddha's teachings; recognized as a Classical Language by India.
• Buddhist Canon: Major texts include the Tipitaka (Vinaya, Sutta, Abhidhamma Pitaka) and commentarial traditions.
• Literary Heritage: Jataka Kathas reflect shared moral values; status enhances Pali studies in education and research.

Significance

• Significance of Celebration: Abhidhamma Divas underscores efforts to preserve and promote Buddhism’s legacy.
• Revitalization of Buddhism: Fosters global engagement and appreciation for Buddha’s teachings, reaffirming India's role in Buddhist studies.

In News:

India has recently celebrated a landmark achievement in its renewable energy sector, with its total renewable energy capacity surpassing 200 GW as of October 10, 2024. This milestone, reported by the Central Electricity Authority, showcases the country’s growing commitment to clean energy and its strategic shift towards a more sustainable future.

Overview of India’s Renewable Energy Landscape

As of October 2024, India's total electricity generation capacity stands at 452.69 GW, with renewable sources contributing a substantial 201.45 GW, representing 46.3% of the overall capacity. This shift highlights India’s increasing reliance on cleaner, non-fossil fuel energy.

Key contributors to this capacity include:

• Solar Power: Leading with 90.76 GW, capitalizing on India's abundant sunlight.
• Wind Power: Following closely at 47.36 GW, leveraging the country’s vast wind corridors.
• Hydropower: Large hydro projects add 46.92 GW, while small hydro contributes an additional 5.07 GW.
• Biopower: Incorporating biomass and biogas energy, contributing 11.32 GW.

Together, these resources are pivotal in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and enhancing energy security.

Leading States in Renewable Energy Capacity

Certain states are at the forefront of this renewable energy expansion:

• Rajasthan: 29.98 GW, benefiting from ample land and sunlight.
• Gujarat: 29.52 GW, driven by robust solar and wind initiatives.
• Tamil Nadu: 23.70 GW, utilizing favorable wind conditions.
• Karnataka: 22.37 GW, supported by a mix of solar and wind projects.

Key Schemes and Programs

The Indian government has introduced numerous initiatives to accelerate renewable energy capacity, aiming for 500 GW from non-fossil sources by 2030. Notable programs include:

• National Green Hydrogen Mission
• PM-KUSUM Scheme
• PM Surya Ghar Scheme
• Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) for solar PV modules

These efforts reflect the government's commitment to fostering a sustainable energy future while addressing the challenges posed by climate change and energy security. Here are some other ongoing key initiatives:

• Notification of a trajectory for renewable energy power bids of 50 GW per annum by Renewable Energy Implementation Agencies (REIAs) from FY 2023-24 to FY 2027-28.
• Foreign Direct Investment permitted up to 100 percent under the automatic route to attract investments.
• Waiver of Inter-State Transmission System charges for solar and wind power projects commissioned by June 30, 2025; green hydrogen projects until December 2030; and offshore wind projects until December 2032.
• Announced Renewable Purchase Obligation trajectory until 2029-30, including separate RPO for Decentralized Renewable Energy.
• A Project Development Cell has been established to attract and facilitate investments in the renewable sector.
• Standard Bidding Guidelines issued for tariff-based competitive bidding for procurement of power from grid-connected solar, wind, and wind-solar projects.
• Ultra Mega Renewable Energy Parks are being set up to provide land and transmission for large-scale renewable energy projects.
• Cabinet approval for a Viability Gap Funding scheme for offshore wind energy projects, facilitating the installation and commissioning of 1 GW of offshore wind energy capacity along the coasts of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.
• Issued Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020, for net-metering up to 500 kilowatts or the electrical sanctioned load, whichever is lower.
• The “National Repowering and Life Extension Policy for Wind Power Projects, 2023” has been released.
• “Strategy for Establishment of Offshore Wind Energy Projects” outlines a bidding trajectory of 37 GW by 2030.
• Offshore Wind Energy Lease Rules, 2023, notified to regulate the grant of leases for offshore wind energy development.
• Procedure for Uniform Renewable Energy Tariff (URET) has been established.
• Standard & Labelling (S&L) programs for Solar Photovoltaic modules and grid-connected solar inverters have been launched.
• A transmission plan has been prepared to augment transmission infrastructure until 2030.
• The Electricity (Late Payment Surcharge and Related Matters) Rules have been notified.
• Green Energy Open Access Rules 2022 have been issued to promote renewable energy.
• Launched the Green Term Ahead Market (GTAM) to facilitate the sale of renewable energy power through exchanges.
• Orders issued to ensure that power is dispatched against Letters of Credit or advance payment for timely payments to renewable energy generators.

In News:

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated ITU WTSA 2024 and India Mobile Congress 2024, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
• First Time in India: WTSA hosted for the first time in India and the Asia-Pacific region.
• Participants: Over 3,000 industry leaders, policy-makers, and tech experts from more than 190 countries expected.

ITU WTSA 2024

• Significance: Governing conference for the standardization work of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), held every four years.
• Focus Areas: Discussion on standards for next-generation technologies including:
  • 6G
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Big Data
  • Cybersecurity
• Opportunities for India: Enhances India’s role in shaping the global telecom agenda; insights into Intellectual Property Rights and Standard Essential Patents for startups and research institutions.

India Mobile Congress 2024

• Theme: "The Future is Now"
• Technological Focus: Highlight advancements in:
  • Quantum Technology
  • Circular Economy
  • 6G and 5G use cases
  • Cloud and Edge Computing
  • IoT and Semiconductors
  • Cybersecurity
  • Green Technology
  • Satellite Communication and Electronics Manufacturing

Importance for India

• Showcase of Innovation: A platform for India’s innovation ecosystem, demonstrating advancements in digital technology.
• Global Collaboration: Facilitates collaboration between government, industry, and academia to address global telecommunication challenges.

In News:

Scientists have identified a promising new target for cancer treatment by activating a DNA repair enzyme called TDP1. This approach suggests a combination therapy that could serve as a potential precision medicine for patients resistant to current treatments.

• Current Treatment Limitations:
  • Existing anticancer drugs (e.g., Camptothecin, Topotecan, Irinotecan) target Topoisomerase 1 (Top1), essential for DNA replication and transcription.
  • Cancer cells frequently develop resistance to these single-agent therapies, necessitating alternative treatment strategies.
• Research Insights:
  • Conducted by scientists at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), Kolkata, under the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
  • The study focused on how cancer cells repair DNA during cell division and respond to chemotherapy targeting Top1.
• Key Findings:
  • The research, published in The EMBO Journal 2024, highlights two critical proteins:
    • Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)
    • Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1)
  • CDK1 regulates the DNA repair process, while TDP1 helps cancer cells survive by repairing drug-induced Top1 damage.
• Mechanism of Action:
  • TDP1 repairs Top1 that is trapped during the S phase of DNA replication.
  • The role of TDP1 during the mitotic phase was previously unknown; CDK1 phosphorylates TDP1, enhancing its repair capabilities.
  • Phosphorylation is crucial for efficient DNA repair, allowing cancer cells to withstand Top1-targeted chemotherapy.
• Potential for Combination Therapy:
  • Targeting both CDK1 and TDP1 could help overcome drug resistance and improve treatment efficacy.
  • Suggested use of CDK1 inhibitors (e.g., avotaciclib, alvocidib) alongside Top1 inhibitors may disrupt DNA repair and halt the cell cycle, increasing cancer cell mortality.
• Research Implications:
  • Phosphorylation of TDP1 by CDK1 is essential for managing DNA damage in cancer cells.
  • Inhibiting CDK1 may induce chromosome instability, effectively targeting cancer cells.
  • The combination of CDK1 and Top1 inhibitors aims to enhance cancer treatment effectiveness.
• Future Directions:
  • Identifying CDK1 and TDP1 as potential targets paves the way for developing new cancer therapies that inhibit DNA repair mechanisms.
  • Further studies using animal models are ongoing to validate this innovative approach for precision medicine in treating resistant cancers.

In News:

NABARD has published the findings from its second All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) for 2021-22, which offers primary data based on a survey of 1 lakh rural households, covering various economic and financial indicators in the post-COVID period. 

Survey Overview:

• Inaugural survey conducted for 2016-17, results released in August 2018.
• Aims to analyze changes in rural economic conditions since 2016-17.
• Included all 28 states and Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.

Insights from NAFIS 2021-22

• Increase in Average Monthly Income:
  • Average monthly income rose by 57.6% from Rs. 8,059 (2016-17) to Rs. 12,698 (2021-22).
  • Nominal CAGR of 9.5%, with annual nominal GDP growth at 9%.
  • Agricultural households earned Rs. 13,661; non-agricultural households earned Rs. 11,438.
  • Salaried employment contributed 37% to total income; cultivation contributed one-third for agricultural households.
• Rise in Average Monthly Expenditure:
  • Average monthly expenditure increased from Rs. 6,646 (2016-17) to Rs. 11,262 (2021-22).
  • Agricultural households reported higher consumption (Rs. 11,710) compared to non-agricultural households (Rs. 10,675).
  • Expenditure exceeded Rs. 17,000 in states like Goa and Jammu & Kashmir.
• Increase in Financial Savings:
  • Annual average financial savings grew to Rs. 13,209 in 2021-22 from Rs. 9,104 in 2016-17.
  • 66% of households saved in 2021-22, up from 50.6% in 2016-17.
  • 71% of agricultural households reported savings, compared to 58% of non-agricultural households.
  • States like Uttarakhand (93%) and Uttar Pradesh (84%) had high saving rates, while Goa (29%) and Kerala (35%) had lower rates.
• Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Coverage:
  • 44% of agricultural households possessed a valid KCC.
  • Among larger landholders and those with recent agricultural loans, 77% reported having a KCC.
• Insurance Coverage:
  • Households with at least one insured member increased from 25.5% (2016-17) to 80.3% (2021-22).
  • Vehicle insurance was most common (55%), followed by life insurance (24%).
• Pension Coverage:
  • Households with at least one member receiving any form of pension rose from 18.9% to 23.5%.
  • 54% of households with members over 60 years old reported receiving a pension.
• Financial Literacy:
  • Good financial literacy increased by 17 percentage points, from 33.9% to 51.3%.
  • Sound financial behavior improved from 56.4% to 72.8%.

Conclusion

• The NAFIS 2021-22 highlights significant advancements in rural financial inclusion since 2016-17.
• Improvements in income, savings, insurance coverage, and financial literacy are notable.
• Government welfare schemes (e.g., PM Kisan, MGNREGS) have positively impacted rural lives.
• Continued support and investment in rural development are essential for economic empowerment and financial security in India's rural population.

In News:

The World Health Organization (WHO) has now recognised that India has successfully eliminated trachoma, a bacterial infection that affects the eyes, as a public health problem.

WHO Declaration:

• India has eliminated Trachoma as a public health problem (2024).
• Third country in the South-East Asia Region to achieve this milestone.

Trachoma Overview:

• Bacterial infection caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis.
• Contagious; spreads through contact with infected secretions.
• Can lead to irreversible blindness if untreated.
• Considered a neglected tropical disease.

Global Impact:

• WHO estimates 150 million affected worldwide; 6 million at risk of blindness.
• Most prevalent in underprivileged communities with poor living conditions.

Historical Context in India:

• Leading cause of blindness in the 1950s-60s.
• National Trachoma Control Program launched in 1963.
• Control efforts integrated into the National Program for Control of Blindness (NPCB).

Statistics:

• Blindness due to Trachoma was 5% in 1971; now reduced to less than 1%.
• Implementation of the WHO SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial hygiene, Environmental cleanliness).

Milestones:

• India declared free from infective Trachoma in 2017.
• Continued surveillance for cases from 2019 to 2024.

National Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT) Survey:

• Conducted in 200 endemic districts (2021-2024) under NPCBVI.
• Mandated by WHO to confirm elimination status.

In News:

The MACE Observatory was recently inaugurated by the Secretary of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission in Hanle, Ladakh.

About MACE Observatory

• Name: Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment (MACE) Observatory.
• Significance:
  • Largest imaging Cherenkov telescope in Asia.
  • Highest imaging Cherenkov observatory in the world.
• Location: Situated at approximately 4,300 meters altitude in Hanle, Ladakh.
• Indigenous Development:
  • Built by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).
  • Supported by the Electronics Corporation of India (ECIL), Hyderabad, and other Indian industry partners.

Scientific Contributions

• Research Focus:
  • Enhances understanding in astrophysics, fundamental physics, and particle acceleration mechanisms.
  • Observes high-energy gamma rays to investigate cosmic phenomena like supernovae, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts.
• Global Impact:
  • Aims to foster international collaborations in space research.
  • Strengthens India’s position in the global scientific community.

Socio-Economic Role

• Local Impact: Contributes to the socio-economic development of Ladakh, promoting scientific awareness and opportunities.

Understanding Cherenkov Radiation

• Definition: A blue glow emitted when charged particles (e.g., electrons and protons) travel faster than light in a specific medium.
• Historical Note: Named after Pavel Cherenkov, who, along with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1958 for his work in demonstrating and explaining this phenomenon.

In News:

India Participates in 44th Session of Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses

Key Contributions:

• Nutrient Reference Values:
  • Advocated for reference values for ages 6 to 36 months.
  • Suggested combining NRV-R values by averaging those for 6-12 months and 12-36 months.
  • This proposal was accepted by the committee.
• Probiotic Guidelines:
  • Emphasized the need to update FAO/WHO probiotic guidelines, which are two decades old.
  • Highlighted the lack of international harmonization in probiotic regulations affecting global trade.
  • Committee agreed to revisit guidelines and requested FAO and WHO to conduct a literature review on probiotics.
• Discussion on Sweetness Assessment:
  • Disagreed with the EU’s sensory testing proposal for carbohydrate sources in Follow-up Formula, citing lack of scientific validation.
  • Supported by USA, Canada, and others; this led to the committee discontinuing the topic for now.
  • Noted that ISO 5495 or other methods could be used in the absence of harmonized methods.
• Delegation:
  • Included representatives from the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and Ministry of Women and Child Development.
  • Advocated for various food safety, consumer health, and trade-related issues.
• Outcome:
  • India’s suggestions were officially incorporated into the final report, significantly influencing global food safety and nutrition standards.
• Additional Announcements:
  • FAO/WHO plans for a Joint Statement on Healthy Diet Principles.
  • Updates on reviewing benefits and risks of Alternative Animal Source Foods (A-ASFs).
  • FAO introduced a new “Food and Diet” domain on its FAOSTAT database.

In News:

Maritime Exercise Malabar 2024, Commencing at Visakhapatnam on 08 Oct Hosted by India, USA, Australia and Japan in Participation.

Background

• Origins: Initiated in 1992 as a bilateral naval drill between the United States and Indian Navy.
• Evolution: Has grown into a key multilateral exercise aimed at enhancing interoperability and addressing maritime challenges in the Indian Ocean and Indo-Pacific region.

Participating Naval Assets

• India: Various platforms, including:
  • Guided missile destroyers
  • Multi-purpose frigates
  • Submarines
  • Fixed-wing maritime reconnaissance aircraft
  • Fighter aircraft and helicopters
• Australia:
  • HMAS Stuart (Anzac Class Frigate)
  • MH-60R helicopter
  • P-8 Maritime Patrol Aircraft
• United States:
  • USS Dewey (Arleigh Burke-Class Destroyer)
  • Integral helicopter
  • P-8 Maritime Patrol Aircraft
• Japan:
  • JS Ariake (Murasame-class Destroyer)

Focus Areas of the Exercise

• Operational Enhancements:
  • Discussions on special operations
  • Surface, air, and anti-submarine warfare
  • Subject Matter Expert Exchange (SMEE)
• Maritime Operations:
  • Anti-submarine warfare
  • Surface warfare
  • Air defense exercises
• Emphasis: Improving situational awareness in the maritime domain.

Special Events

• Distinguished Visitors’ Day: Scheduled for October 9, 2024.
  • Hosted by Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command.
• Joint Press Conference: Co-chaired by heads of delegations from all participating nations during the Harbour Phase.

Significance

• Comprehensive Exercise: Malabar 2024 is expected to be the most detailed edition to date, featuring complex operational scenarios and enhanced cooperation among the naval forces of the participating countries.GS Paper

In News:

• DefConnect 4.0 was inaugurated by Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on October 7, 2024, at Manekshaw Centre, Delhi Cantonment.
• Organizer: Hosted by Innovations for Defence Excellence - Defence Innovation Organisation (iDEX-DIO) under the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence.

Purpose and Focus

• Advancing Indigenous Innovation: Aims to enhance India’s defense ecosystem by promoting self-reliant defense technologies.
• Participants: Involves Armed Forces, Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs), start-ups, MSMEs, academia, incubators, investors, and policymakers.

Technology Showcase

• Exhibitions: iDEX innovators showcased cutting-edge technologies, products, and capabilities.
• Collaboration and Dialogue: Encourages partnerships and discussions to drive defense innovation and long-term collaborations.

Special Sessions

• Budget Insights: Focused on key takeaways from recent budget announcements impacting the defense innovation ecosystem.
• Semiconductor Domain: Highlighted initiatives and opportunities within the semiconductor sector.

Path Forward: Vision for 2047

• Viksit Bharat Goal: Aligns with India’s vision of becoming a global leader in defense innovation by 2047.
• Government Initiatives: Supports local talent and indigenous solutions through programs like iDEX.

iDEX Impact

• Defence India Start-up Challenges: 11 editions launched, garnering over 9,000 applications.
• Collaborations: Engages with over 450 start-ups/MSMEs on significant defense projects.
• Contribution to Self-Reliance: Supports the goal of achieving self-reliance in the defense and aerospace sectors.

In News:

DRDO completed development trials of the 4th Generation miniaturised Very Short Range Air Defence System (VSHORAD).

Key Details:

• Trial Location: Conducted at Pokhran Field Firing Ranges, Rajasthan.
• Importance: VSHORAD addresses the Indian Army's need to replace legacy Igla systems, with past efforts making little progress.
• Recent Procurement: Army acquired small volumes of Igla-S through emergency procurement.
• Production Collaboration: Two production agencies involved in Development cum Production Partner (DcPP) mode for VSHORAD missiles.
• Trial Dates: Successful tests held on October 3 and 4, 2024.

Key Performance Metrics:

• Maximum Range and Altitude: Interception against high-speed aerial targets.
• Hit-to-Kill Capability: Demonstrated success in engaging targets in various scenarios (approaching, receding, crossing).

System Overview:

• Type: Fourth generation man-portable air defence system (MANPADS).
• Developer: Research Centre Imarat (RCI) in collaboration with other DRDO labs and industry partners.

Capabilities:

• Designed to neutralise low altitude aerial threats at short ranges.
• Features include Dual-band IIR Seeker, miniaturised Reaction Control System, and integrated avionics.
• More portable and lightweight than existing missile systems in the Army's arsenal.

In News:

Cabinet Approves National Mission on Edible Oils – Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds) (2024-25 to 2030-31).

Objective:

• Achieve self-reliance in edible oil production in seven years.

Financial Outlay:

• ?10,103 crore for the mission period.

Key Goals:

• Increase primary oilseed production from 39 million tonnes (2022-23) to 69.7 million tonnes by 2030-31.
• Boost domestic edible oil production to 25.45 million tonnes, meeting 72% of projected requirements.

Focus Areas:

• Enhance production of key oilseed crops: Rapeseed-Mustard, Groundnut, Soybean, Sunflower, Sesamum.
• Improve extraction efficiency from secondary sources (e.g., Cottonseed, Rice Bran).

Strategies:

• Promote high-yielding, high oil content seed varieties.
• Extend cultivation to rice fallow areas and encourage intercropping.
• Use advanced technologies like genome editing for seed development.

SATHI Portal:

• Launch of an online 5-year rolling seed plan for timely seed availability.
• Coordination with cooperatives, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and seed corporations.

Infrastructure Development:

• Establish 65 new seed hubs and 50 seed storage units.
• Develop over 600 Value Chain Clusters across 347 districts, covering over 1 million hectares annually.

Support for Farmers:

• Access to high-quality seeds, training on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and pest management advisory.

Environmental Benefits:

• Promote low water usage, improve soil health, and utilize crop fallow areas.

Background Context:

• India relies on imports for 57% of its edible oil demand.
• Previous initiatives include the National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) and significant increases in Minimum Support Price (MSP) for oilseeds.
• Imposition of 20% import duty on edible oils to protect local producers.

The NMEO-Oilseeds mission aims to enhance domestic oilseed production, reduce import dependency, and improve farmers' incomes while contributing to environmental sustainability.

In News:

The Union Cabinet has approved to confer the status of Classical Language to Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese and Bengali languages.

Why is a language declared as Classical?

Designating a language as classical acknowledges its historical significance and its role in preserving Bharat’s rich cultural heritage. These languages have been crucial in transmitting ancient knowledge, philosophies, and values for millennia. Government recognition emphasizes their deep antiquity and literary traditions, enhancing their status and promoting efforts for their preservation and research, ensuring their relevance in the modern world.

What are the criteria for declaring a language as classical?

In 2004, the Government of India, for the first time, created a new category of languages known as Classical Languages. It set the following as criteria for the status of Classical Language:

• High antiquity of its early texts/ recorded history over a thousand years.
• A body of ancient literature/ texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generation of speakers.
• The literary tradition must be original and not borrowed from another speech community.

This criterion was revised in 2005 and 2024 based on the recommendations of Linguistic Experts Committees (LEC) under Sahitya Akademi to examine the proposed languages for the status of Classical Language. Later the criteria were revised in 2024 as follows:

• High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500- 2000 years.
• A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a heritage by generations of speakers.
• Knowledge texts, especially prose texts in addition to poetry, epigraphical and inscriptional evidence.
• The Classical Languages and literature could be distinct from its current form or could be discontinuous with later forms of its offshoots.

The 2024 Linguistic Expert Committee also recommended the following languages to be fulfilling revised criteria to be considered as a Classical Language: Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, Bengali

How many languages have been declared classical so far?

Languages                   Date of Recognition               Notification by                                 Source/Notification Date

Tamil                           October 12, 2004                    Ministry of Home Affairs                    October 12, 2004

Ministry of           Sanskrit                      November 25, 2005                 Ministry of Home Affairs                   November 25, 2005

Telugu                        October 31, 2008                     Ministry of Culture                            October 31, 2008

Kannada                    October 31, 2008                     Ministry of Culture                           October 31, 2008

Malayalam                August 8, 2013                         Ministry of Culture                           August 8, 2013

Odia                           March 1, 2014                          Ministry of Culture                          March 1, 2014

 Steps Taken by the Ministry of Education for Advancing Classical Languages:

• Establishment of Central Universities (2020): Three universities created to promote Sanskrit through an Act of Parliament.
• Central Institute of Classical Tamil:
  • Facilitates translation of ancient Tamil texts.
  • Promotes research and offers courses for students and scholars.
• Centres for Excellence:
  • Established for Classical Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Odia under the Central Institute of Indian Languages in Mysuru.
• Awards: Introduction of national and international awards to recognize achievements in Classical Languages.
• Additional Benefits:
  • National Awards for Classical Languages.
  • Establishment of university chairs.
  • Dedicated centers for promoting Classical Languages.

In News:

• The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has released the results of the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for the financial year 2022-23 (April 2022 to March 2023).
  • The fieldwork for this survey was conducted from November 2023 to June 2024.
• The ASI provides critical insights into the dynamics of the manufacturing sector, covering aspects such as output, value added, employment, and capital formation.

Key Highlights

• Gross Value Added (GVA): Increased by 7.3% in current prices for 2022-23 compared to the previous year.
• Industrial Output: Grew by over 21% in 2022-23 compared to 2021-22.
• Employment: Estimated employment in the sector rose by 7.4% over the previous year, surpassing pre-pandemic levels.

The growth in key economic parameters such as invested capital, input, output, GVA, and wages indicates a robust recovery in the industrial sector. Notably, industries like Basic Metal Manufacturing, Coke & Refined Petroleum Products, Food Products, Chemicals, and Motor Vehicles were significant contributors, accounting for about 58% of total output and showing a 24.5% increase in output and 2.6% in GVA.

State Contributions

• Top GVA Contributors:
  • Maharashtra
  • Gujarat
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Karnataka
  • Uttar Pradesh

Together, these states contributed over 54% of the total manufacturing GVA.

• Highest Employment States:
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Maharashtra
  • Gujarat
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Karnataka

Collectively, these states accounted for about 55% of total manufacturing employment in 2022-23.

Survey Details

The ASI encompasses various industrial units, including:

• Factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948.
• Bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments.
• Electricity undertakings not registered with the Central Electricity Authority.
• Units with 100 or more employees registered in the Business Register of Establishments.

The survey employs a comprehensive sampling strategy, dividing units into Central and State Samples to ensure accurate representation. Key components of the data collection include:

• Central Sample: Includes all units in less industrially developed states and specific industrial categories.
• State Sample: Comprises selected units based on employee count and other criteria.

Industrial Classification

Since 1959, the ASI has adopted various classifications to categorize industries. The current classification, NIC 2008, is based on the UN's international standards and has been in use since 2008-09.

Data Collection and Reliability

Data collection is conducted via a dedicated web portal, following the Collection of Statistics Act. Various quality checks ensure reliability, with the Relative Standard Errors (RSE) for important estimates remaining within acceptable limits.

In News:

The central government launched the five-year Cruise Bharat Mission, aiming to boost cruise tourism in India to 1 million passengers and create 400,000 jobs by 2029.

Mission Goals

• Passenger Traffic: Increase from 0.5 million to 1 million sea cruise passengers by 2029.
• River Cruise Passengers: Grow from 0.5 million to 1.5 million.
• Job Creation: Generate 400,000 jobs in the cruise sector.
• Infrastructure Expansion:
  • International cruise terminals: From 2 to 10.
  • River cruise terminals: From 50 to 100.
  • Marinas: From 1 to 5.

Implementation Phases

1. Phase 1 (2024-2025):
   • Conduct studies and master planning.
   • Form alliances with neighboring countries.
   • Modernize existing cruise terminals and destinations.
2. Phase 2 (2025-2027):
   • Develop new cruise terminals and marinas.
   • Activate high-potential cruise locations.
3. Phase 3 (2027-2029):
   • Integrate cruise circuits across the Indian Subcontinent.
   • Continue developing infrastructure and enhancing cruise experiences.

Strategic Focus Areas

• Sustainable Infrastructure:
  • Develop world-class terminals, marinas, and water aerodromes.
  • Emphasize digitalization (e.g., facial recognition) and decarbonization (shore power).
  • Create a National Cruise Infrastructure Masterplan 2047.
• Operational Efficiency:
  • Streamline operations using digital solutions (e.g., e-clearance and e-visa facilities).
• Cruise Promotion & Circuit Integration:
  • Focus on international marketing and investment.
  • Host events like the "Cruise India Summit."
  • Form alliances with neighboring countries (UAE, Maldives, Singapore).
• Regulatory and Financial Policies:
  • Establish tailored fiscal and financial policies.
  • Launch a National Cruise Tourism Policy.
• Capacity Building & Employment:
  • Create a Centre of Excellence for cruise-related economic research.
  • Develop National Occupational Standards to enhance youth employment opportunities.

Expected Outcomes

• Tourism Growth: Position India as a global cruise destination.
• Cultural Promotion: Highlight the cultural, historical, and natural heritage of Bharat through cruise circuits.
• Community Benefits: Ensure inclusive growth for local communities and stakeholders in the cruise sector.

The Cruise Bharat Mission is set to redefine India's cruise tourism landscape, focusing on infrastructure development, operational efficiency, and promoting cultural heritage, while ensuring economic growth and job creation for the future.

In News:

BharatGen is a pioneering generative AI initiative launched in New Delhi, aimed at revolutionizing public service delivery and enhancing citizen engagement, with Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State, in virtual attendance.

• Significance
  • Represents India's commitment to advancing homegrown technologies.
  • Positions India as a global leader in generative AI, similar to achievements with UPI and other innovations.
  • Marks the world's first government-funded Multimodal Large Language Model project focusing on Indian languages.
• Leadership and Implementation
  • Spearheaded by IIT Bombay under the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS).
  • Collaboration with the TIH Foundation for IoT and various academic partners, including IITs and IIMs.
  • Key figures involved include Prof. Shireesh Kedare (Director, IIT Bombay) and Prof. Ganesh Ramakrishnan (consortium leader).
• Core Objectives
  • Deliver generative AI models as a public good, prioritizing socio-cultural and linguistic diversity.
  • Address broader needs such as social equity, cultural preservation, and inclusivity.
  • Make AI accessible for industrial, commercial, and national priorities.
• Key Features
  • Multilingual and Multimodal Models: Capable of handling text and speech in multiple languages.
  • Bhartiya Data Sets: Focus on India-centric data collection and training.
  • Open-Source Platform: Promotes collaboration and innovation in AI research.
  • Ecosystem Development: Fosters a robust AI research community.
• Project Timeline and Impact
  • Expected completion in two years, with benefits for government, private, educational, and research institutions.
  • Ensures coverage of India’s diverse linguistic landscape through multilingual datasets.
  • Emphasis on data sovereignty to strengthen control over digital resources.
• Alignment with National Goals
  • Supports the Atmanirbhar Bharat vision by reducing reliance on foreign technologies.
  • Aims to strengthen the domestic AI ecosystem for startups, industries, and government agencies.
  • Focuses on democratizing access to AI for innovators and researchers.
• Research and Community Engagement
  • Data-efficient learning for languages with limited digital presence.
  • Development of effective models with minimal data through research collaborations.
  • Initiatives to foster an AI research community, including training programs and hackathons.
• Future Roadmap
  • Key milestones outlined up to July 2026, focusing on:
    • Extensive AI model development and experimentation.
    • Establishment of AI benchmarks tailored to India’s needs.
    • Scaling AI adoption across industries and public initiatives.

In News:

The 8th edition of the India-Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise, KAZIND-2024, has commenced in Auli, Uttarakhand, running from September 30 to October 13, 2024.

Key Details:

• Joint Exercise KAZIND-2024 has been held annually since 2016.
• Last edition of the Joint Exercise was held at Otar, Kazakhstan from 30th October to 11th November 2023.

Participants:

• India:
  • 120 personnel from KUMAON Regiment of the Indian Army
  • Additional support from other arms and Indian Air Force
• Kazakhstan:
  • Personnel primarily from Land Forces and Airborne Assault Troopers

Aim:

• Enhance joint military capability for counter-terrorism operations
• Focus on sub-conventional scenarios under Chapter VII of the UN Charter

Focus Areas:

• Operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrains
• High physical fitness levels
• Rehearsal and refinement of tactical drills
• Sharing best practices

Tactical Drills:

• Joint response to terrorist actions
• Establishment of a Joint Command Post
• Creation of an Intelligence and Surveillance Centre
• Securing helipad/landing sites
• Combat free fall and Special Heliborne Operations
• Cordon and Search operations
• Employment of drones and counter-drone systems

Outcomes Expected:

• Sharing of tactics, techniques, and procedures for joint operations
• Development of interoperability between the two armies
• Strengthening of bonhomie and camaraderie
• Enhancement of defense cooperation and bilateral relations between India and Kazakhstan.

In News:

The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, approved seven schemes to improve farmers’ lives and increase their incomes at a total outlay of Rs 14,235.30 Crore.

1. Digital Agriculture Mission: based on the structure of Digital Public Infrastructure, Digital Agriculture Mission will use technology for improving farmers’ lives. The Mission has a total outlay of Rs 2,817 crores. It comprises two foundational pillars

1. Agri Stack

1. Farmers registry
2. Village land maps registry
3. Crop Sown Registry

2. Krishi Decision Support System

1. Geospatial data
2. Drought/flood monitoring
3. Weather/satellite data
4. Groundwater/water availability data
5. Modelling for crop yield and insurance

 The Mission has provision for 

• Soil profile
• Digital crop estimation
• Digital yield modelling
• Connect for crop loan
• Modern technologies like AI and Big Data
• Connect with buyers
• Bring new knowledge on mobile phones

2. Crop science for food and nutritional security: with a total outlay of Rs 3,979 crore. The initiative will prepare farmers for climate resilience and provide for food security by 2047. It has following pillars:

1. Research and education
2. Plant genetic resource management
3. Genetic improvement for food and fodder crop
4. Pulse and oilseed crop improvement
5. Improvement of commercial crops
6. Research on insects, microbes, pollinators etc.

3. Strengthening Agricultural Education, Management and Social Sciences: with a total outlay of Rs 2,291 Crore the measure will prepare agriculture students and researchers for current challenges and comprises the following

1. Under Indian Council of Agri Research
2. Modernising agri research and education
3. In line with New Education Policy 2020
4. Use latest technology … Digital DPI, AI, big data, remote, etc
5. Include natural farming and climate resilience

4. Sustainable livestock health and production: with a total outlay of Rs 1,702 crore, the decision aims to Increase farmers income from livestock and dairy. It comprises the following

1. Animal health management and veterinary education
2. Dairy production and technology development
3. Animal genetic resource management, production and improvement
4. Animal nutrition and small ruminant production and development

5. Sustainable development of Horticulture: with a total outlay of Rs 1129.30 crore the measure is aimed at increasing farmers’ income from horticulture plants. It comprises the following

1. Tropical, sub-tropical and temperate horticulture crops
2. Root, tuber, bulbous and arid crops
3. Vegetable, floriculture, and mushroom crops
4.  Plantation, spices, medicinal, and aromatic plants

6. Strengthening of Krishi Vigyan Kendra with an outlay of Rs 1,202 crore

7. Natural Resource Management with an outlay of Rs 1,115 crore

Introduction

India's digital revolution has significantly transformed governance and service delivery in recent years by creating digital identities, secured payments and transactions. This progress has paved the way for a thriving digital ecosystem across various sectors, including finance, healthcare, education, and retail, positioning India as a leader in citizen-centric digital solutions.

For a similar transformation of the Agriculture Sector, the Union Cabinet Committee, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the 'Digital Agriculture Mission' with a substantial financial outlay of Rs. 2,817 Crore, including a central government share of Rs. 1,940 Crore, on September 2, 2024.

The Digital Agriculture Mission is designed as an umbrella scheme to support various digital agriculture initiatives. These include creating Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), implementing the Digital General Crop Estimation Survey (DGCES), and supporting IT initiatives by the Central Government, State Governments, and Academic and Research Institutions.

The scheme is built on two foundational pillars:

• Agri Stack
• Krishi Decision Support System.

Additionally, the mission includes ‘Soil Profile Mapping’ and aims to enable farmer-centric digital services to provide timely and reliable information for the agriculture sector.

AgriStack: Kisan ki Pehchaan

AgriStack is designed as a farmer-centric Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) to streamline services and scheme delivery to farmers. It comprises three key components:

1. Farmers' Registry

2. Geo-referenced village maps

3. Crop Sown Registry

• A crucial feature of AgriStack is the introduction of a 'Farmer ID', similar to Aadhaar card, serving as a trusted digital identity for farmers.
  • These IDs, created and maintained by the State Governments/ Union Territories, will be linked to various farmer-related data, including land records, livestock ownership, crops sown, and benefits availed.
• The implementation of AgriStack is progressing through partnerships between the Central and State Governments, with 19 states having signed MoUs with the Ministry of Agriculture. Pilot projects have been conducted in six states to test the creation of Farmer IDs and the Digital Crop Survey.
• The six states include Uttar Pradesh (Farrukhabad), Gujarat (Gandhinagar), Maharashtra (Beed), Haryana (Yamuna Nagar), Punjab (Fatehgarh Sahib), and Tamil Nadu (Virudhnagar).

Key targets include:

• Creating digital identities for 11 crore farmers over three years (6 crore in FY 2024-25, 3 crore in FY 2025-26, and 2 crore in FY 2026-27)
• Launching the Digital Crop Survey nationwide within two years, covering 400 districts in FY 2024-25 and all districts in FY 2025-26

 2. Krishi Decision Support System

• The Krishi Decision Support System (DSS) will integrate remote sensing data on crops, soil, weather, and water resources into a comprehensive geospatial system.

 3. Soil Profile Mapping

Under the mission, detailed soil profile maps on a 1:10,000 scale for approximately 142 million hectares of agricultural land have been envisaged, with 29 million hectares of soil profile inventory already being mapped.

• Further under the Digital Agriculture Mission, the Digital General Crop Estimation Survey (DGCES) will be used for crop-cutting experiments to provide precise yield estimates, enhancing agricultural production accuracy.
• The mission is expected to create direct and indirect employment in agriculture, providing opportunities for around 2,50,000 trained local youth and Krishi Sakhis.
• By leveraging modern technologies like data analytics, AI, and remote sensing, the mission will improve service delivery for farmers, including streamlined access to government schemes, crop loans, and real-time advisories.

Key Components of the Mission

The Digital Agriculture Mission focuses on grassroots implementation, targeting farmers as the primary beneficiaries. Some of the key benefits of the mission include:

• Digital authentication for accessing services and benefits, reducing paperwork and the need for physical visits.
• Enhanced efficiency and transparency in government schemes, crop insurance, and loan systems through accurate data on crop area and yield.
• Crop map generation and monitoring for better disaster response and insurance claims.
• Development of digital infrastructure to optimize value chains and provide tailored advisory services for crop planning, health, pest management, and irrigation.

Digital Public Infrastructure for Agriculture

• Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced in the Union Budget 2024-25 that the Government, in partnership with states, will implement Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) for agriculture over the next three years.
• This initiative will cover farmers and their lands, with a digital crop survey for Kharif planned for 400 districts this year. The goal is to update registries with details of 6 crore farmers and their lands.
• The Union Budget 2023-24 had previously introduced the DPI for agriculture, which aims to provide comprehensive data on farmers, including demographic details, land holdings, and crops sown. The DPI will integrate with state and central digital infrastructures to offer a range of farmer-centric services, including information on livestock, fisheries, soil health, and available benefits. 

Conclusion

• The Union Cabinet also approved six major schemes alongside the Digital Agriculture Mission, with a total outlay of Rs 14,235.30 crore.
• These initiatives include Rs 3,979 crore for Crop Science aimed at ensuring food security and climate resilience by 2047, and Rs 2,291 crore for strengthening Agricultural Education, Management, and Social Sciences to support students and researchers. Rs 1,702 crore is allocated for Sustainable Livestock Health and Production to boost incomes from livestock and dairy, while Rs 1,129.30 crore is designated for Sustainable Development of Horticulture to increase income from horticulture. Additionally, Rs 1,202 crore will be invested in strengthening Krishi Vigyan Kendra, and Rs 1,115 crore towards Natural Resource Management.
• These comprehensive approaches leverage digital technologies to enhance productivity, efficiency, and sustainability in India's agricultural sector, potentially transforming the lives of millions of farmers across the country. By extending the digital revolution to agriculture, India aims to further solidify its position as a global leader in innovative, technology-driven solutions for critical sectors of the economy.

In News:

On August 31, 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the National Conference of District Judiciary at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. This event marked the 75th anniversary of the Supreme Court of India, highlighted by the unveiling of a commemorative stamp and coin.

Supreme Court of India: History and Key Insights

The Origins of the Judiciary

• The concept of law, or Dharma, in ancient India was significantly influenced by the Vedas, which outlined rules of conduct and rituals in the Dharma Sutras. These texts addressed the duties of individuals and the rights of kings, forming the foundation of Hindu Law. The earliest systematic examination of jurisprudence can be found in Kautilya's Artha Sastra (circa 300 B.C.), particularly its third chapter, which discusses legal transactions and disputes.

Establishment of the Supreme Court

• The Regulating Act of 1773, enacted by the British Parliament, initiated the establishment of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Calcutta, with its Letters of Patent issued on March 26, 1774. This court had the authority to hear all complaints and lawsuits involving His Majesty’s subjects in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. Additional Supreme Courts were later established in Madras (1800) and Bombay (1823).
• The Indian High Courts Act of 1861 replaced these Supreme Courts with High Courts in various provinces, which became the highest judicial authorities until the Federal Court of India was created under the Government of India Act 1935. After India gained independence in 1947, the Supreme Court of India was formally established on January 26, 1950, with its inaugural session held on January 28, 1950.
• The Supreme Court's rulings are binding across India, and it possesses the power of judicial review to ensure that legislative and executive actions align with constitutional provisions and fundamental rights.

Structure and Functioning

• Initially, the Supreme Court operated for only a few hours each day and convened for 28 days a year. Today, it functions extensively, meeting approximately 190 days annually. The court was temporarily housed in the Parliament House before moving to its current location on Tilak Marg, New Delhi, in 1958.
• The court's architecture symbolizes justice, featuring a prominent dome and spacious corridors. It began with a Chief Justice and seven judges, with Parliament later increasing this number as the workload grew. Currently, the Supreme Court includes a Chief Justice and 30 judges.

Appointment and Qualifications of Judges

• Judges are appointed by the President of India, based on recommendations from a committee of senior judges (Collegium System). A candidate must be a citizen of India and have served as a High Court judge for at least five years or as an advocate for ten years. The age of retirement for judges is 65 years.

Judicial Independence and Removal

• Judicial independence is constitutionally protected. A Supreme Court judge can only be removed by the President on grounds of proven misbehavior or incapacity, following a resolution supported by a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Parliament.

Judicial Salaries and Provisions

• Judges’ salaries and pensions are defined by the Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958, and are charged to the Consolidated Fund of India.

Acting Chief Justice

• In the absence of the Chief Justice, the President appoints another judge as the Acting Chief Justice, as stipulated in Article 126.

Post-Retirement Opportunities

• While retired judges cannot practice law in India, they often serve in governmental roles, such as leading commissions. There have been calls for a "cool-off" period before such appointments.

Ad Hoc Judges

• Ad hoc judges may be appointed when necessary, and must meet the qualifications for Supreme Court judges. Retired judges can also be called back to serve temporarily.

Courts of Record

• Both the Supreme Court and High Courts are classified as courts of record, with the authority to punish for contempt as per Article 129.

Seat of the Supreme Court

• The Supreme Court is based in Delhi but can convene anywhere in India, with such decisions made by the Chief Justice in consultation with the President.

In News

Recently, the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) proudly launched the first indigenously built Pollution Control Vessel, ‘Samudra Pratap’, in Goa.

Key Highlights of the Launch

• Vessel Details:
  • Built by Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL), the vessel is specifically designed to combat oil spills along India’s coastlines.
  • Dimensions: Length: 114.5m, Breadth: 16.5m, Displacement: 4170 T.
  • The keel laying ceremony took place on November 21, 2022.
• Contract and Construction: GSL signed a contract worth Rs 583 crores for the construction of two Pollution Control Vessels for the ICG. This marks the first instance of such vessels being designed and built entirely in India.
• Significance of the Vessel: ‘Samudra Pratap’ stands as a testament to India's shipbuilding capabilities, showcasing GSL's expertise in producing advanced Pollution Control Vessels and reinforcing India's commitment to indigenization in defense manufacturing.

In News:

Union Minister of Youth Affairs & Sports and Labour & Employment, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya launched “Retired Sportsperson Empowerment Training” (RESET) Programme on the occasion of National Sports Day in New Delhi.

Key Highlights:

This programme aims to empower retired athletes by equipping them with essential career skills and knowledge, enhancing their employability and enabling them to contribute meaningfully to the sports ecosystem.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: Retired athletes aged 20 to 50 years.
• Achievements:
  • Must be winners of international medals or participants in international events.
  • Alternatively, must have been national or state medallists or participants in competitions recognized by:
    • National Sports Federations
    • Indian Olympic Association
    • Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

Programme Structure

• Levels: Two tiers based on educational qualifications:
  • Class 12th and above
  • Class 11th and below
• Learning Mode: A hybrid approach, combining:
  • Self-paced online learning through a dedicated portal.
  • On-ground training for practical skill development.

Lead Institute

• Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE) will oversee the implementation and administration of the programme.

Support and Opportunities

• Placement Assistance: Comprehensive guidance for job placements in relevant sectors.
• Entrepreneurial Guidance: Support for athletes looking to start their own ventures in sports or related fields.
• Internships: Opportunities for hands-on experience in:
  • Sports organizations
  • Competitions
  • Training camps
  • Leagues

Implementation and Benefits

• Self-Paced Learning: Flexibility for participants to manage their learning schedules effectively.
• On-Ground Training: Hands-on practical sessions aimed at enhancing skills relevant to various career paths.
• Evaluation and Certification: Participants will be assessed and awarded a certificate upon successful completion, adding value to their career prospects.

The RESET Programme not only recognizes the achievements of retired athletes but also empowers them to leverage their experiences in new and impactful ways, fostering a robust sports ecosystem in India.

In News:

• The Indian Army launched the first phase of Project NAMAN, aimed at supporting Defence Pensioners, Veterans, and their families.
• Key Features of Project NAMAN:
  • Implements the SPARSH (System for Pension Administration Raksha) digital pension system.
  • Streamlines pension processes and provides accessible facilitation points for Veterans and Next of Kin (NOK).
• Importance:
  • Ensures care and support for veterans and their families.
  • Services extended to residents of military stations and surrounding localities.
• Establishment of Common Service Centres (CSCs):
  • Tripartite MoU signed between:
    • Indian Army’s Directorate of Indian Army Veterans
    • CSC e-Governance India Limited
    • HDFC Bank Limited
  • CSCs provide:
    • SPARSH-enabled pension services
    • Government to Citizen (G2C) services
    • Business to Consumer (B2C) services
• Phase One Deployment:
  • 14 CSCs established in key locations: New Delhi, Jalandhar, Leh, Dehradun, Lucknow, Jodhpur, Bengdubi, Gorakhpur, Jhansi, Secunderabad, Saugor, Guntur, Ahmedabad, Bangalore.
  • Future expansion plans for approximately 200 centres nationwide in the next 2-3 years.
• Infrastructure Support:
  • HDFC Bank provided necessary IT infrastructure.
  • Local military stations contributed physical facilities.
• Community Engagement:
  • Concept developed based on feedback from the Defence community.
  • Promotes camaraderie among serving and retired Armed Forces personnel.
• Management of CSCs:
  • Each CSC managed by a Village Level Entrepreneur (VLE) selected from veterans or NOKs by Local Military Authorities (LMAs).
  • VLEs receive training from CSC e-Governance India Limited.
  • HDFC Bank offers monthly grants of ?20,000 for the first 12 months to support VLEs.
• Conclusion:
  • Project NAMAN reflects the Indian Army's commitment to veteran welfare.
  • Offers SPARSH-centric services and entrepreneurial opportunities for Veterans and NOKs, empowering them to contribute to their communities.

In News:

• The Department of Consumer Affairs (DoCA), Government of India, has established a committee of experts to create a framework for the Repairability Index.

• Objective:
  • Enhance consumer transparency regarding product repairability.
  • Promote sustainable practices in the tech industry.
• National Workshop:
  • Held on August 29, 2024, focusing on the Right to Repair in the Mobile and Electronics Sector.
  • Aimed to gather industry stakeholders to agree on evaluating components for the Repairability Index.
• Key Goals:
  • Address the rapid demand and short lifespan of mobile and electronic devices.
  • Provide essential repair information and ensure access to spare parts, even for discontinued products.
• Repairability Index:
  • A consumer-focused tool that helps in making informed product decisions based on repairability.
  • Aims to standardize repairability assessments, enabling easier product comparisons.
• Consumer Empowerment:
  • The index fosters mindful consumption and sustainability.
  • Ensures affordable repair options and improves overall consumer satisfaction by addressing information gaps.
• Key components of the Repair Ecosystem:

• Comprehensive Repair Information: Access to repair manuals/DIYs, diagnostics, and a list of necessary tools and parts.
• Accessible Spare Parts: Easily identifiable and timely delivery of spare parts.
• Affordable Tools: Inexpensive, widely available, and safe tools for consumers.
• Modular Design: Key components designed for independent access and modularity.
• Economic Feasibility: Ensuring that the cost of repair parts and labor is affordable for consumers.

Taking into account the above necessities the committee is expected to recommend enabling framework for Policies/Rules/Guidelines which support repairability and integration of repairability index with the extant regulatory provisions in mobile and electronics sector to enhance consumer experiences in reusing the mobile and electronics products they own.

The committee will submit a comprehensive report including a framework for repairability index in Indian context by 15th November, 2024.

In News:

The Indian Cabinet has recently approved the BioE3 (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) proposal, a significant move to advance the country’s biotechnology sector.

Scheduled to take effect on April 1, 2025, the BioE3 policy aims to capitalize on India's biotechnology potential by focusing on six key areas: bio-based chemicals, functional foods, precision biotherapeutics, climate-resilient agriculture, carbon capture, and marine/space research.

Current Status of India’s Biotechnology Sector

India ranks among the top 12 biotechnology destinations globally and is the third-largest in the Asia-Pacific region. As of 2024, India's Bioeconomy is valued at an estimated USD 130 billion. The sector is integral to India’s goal of becoming a USD 5 trillion economy by 2024, with biotechnology contributing about 3% to the global market share.