Why is it in the News?

Leaders across the political lines paid tributes to the soldiers who fought in the 1971 war, on the occasion of  52nd Vijay Diwas on Saturday.

About Vijay Diwas:

• Vijay Diwas, observed on December 16 annually, is a commemoration honouring the triumph of the Indian armed forces over Pakistan in the 1971 war and paying tribute to the soldiers who made the ultimate sacrifice for their country.
• This day is also recognized in Bangladesh as 'Bijoy Dibos' or Victory Day, symbolizing the nation's formal independence from Pakistan.

Historical Background:

• The roots of the 1971 war lay in the genocide perpetrated by the oppressive Pakistani military regime, led by General Yahya Khan, against the people of East Pakistan.
  • The conflict emerged following the victory of the Sheikh Mujibur Rahman-led Awami League in the 1970 elections.
  • Post-elections, the Pakistani military used force to manipulate the results, resulting in a mass exodus from East Pakistan.
• India intervened during this critical period, with then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi offering refuge to those fleeing from the other side of the border.
  • Tensions escalated on December 3, 1971, when Pakistan initiated air strikes on 11 Indian airbases.
  • In response, Indira Gandhi instructed India's Army Chief, General Sam Manekshaw, to launch a full-scale war against Pakistan.
• India supported Bangladesh nationalist groups and executed 'Operation Trident,' led by the Indian Navy, to target Karachi Port.
• After a 13-day battle, India achieved a decisive victory on December 16, 1971, leading to the establishment of Bangladesh from the former East Pakistan.
• On this momentous day, General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi of Pakistan signed the Instrument of Surrender, capitulating with 93,000 Pakistani soldiers before the Indian Army and the Mukti Bahini of Bangladesh, marking the most substantial military surrender post-World War II.