Why is it in the News?

The Indian Navy is planning to acquire indigenously made swimmer delivery vehicles — also known as underwater chariots and midget submarines — as part of efforts to modernise and strengthen the capabilities of its Marine Commandos (MARCOS) for special undersea operations.

News Summary:

• In a strategic move, the Indian Navy set to deploy domestically manufactured undersea chariots for specialized operations.
  • These innovative vessels, designed to accommodate a crew of at least six, will be equipped with cutting-edge lithium-ion batteries for enhanced performance.
• The significant size of these undersea chariots opens up new possibilities, allowing divers to transport larger cylinders.
  • This advancement translates to extended underwater missions, thereby amplifying operational capabilities in shallow waters.
• Moreover, the spacious design of these chariots facilitates the carriage of extra weaponry, providing the Navy with increased flexibility for diverse and complex operations.
  • This development signifies a noteworthy stride in bolstering the Navy's underwater capabilities through indigenous technological advancements.

What are Chariots?

• Nearly all modern navies in the world use chariots, which are extremely specialized platforms.
• These self-propelled vehicles can be deployed from ships or submarines, tailored to their size and designated roles.
  • Notably, during World War II, manned human torpedoes were commonly referred to as chariots.
• Functionality: Chariots prove invaluable for naval operations in shallow waters, offering a spectrum of missions.
  • These include shallow-water surveillance, targeted assaults on adversary coastal installations, and even engagements with ships in harbours.
  • Particularly advantageous is their ability to grant marine commandos access to areas close to adversary harbours—locations that submarines, constrained by shallow waters, may find challenging to reach.
  • Furthermore, these chariots facilitate the efficient transportation of weapons and equipment to operational zones.
• Utilization in India: While detailed information on the swimmer delivery vehicles employed by the Indian Navy is not widely available, some sources suggest the utilization of Italian-made chariots for several years.
  • Around 2012, recognizing the strategic importance of these platforms, the Ministry of Defence entrusted Hindustan Shipyard Limited with the construction of two such submarines, underscoring India's commitment to enhancing its maritime capabilities.

What are Marine Commandos (MARCOS)?

• The Marine Commandos, known by the acronym MARCOS and formally recognized as the Marine Commando Force (MCF), stand as the specialized forces within the Indian Navy entrusted with the execution of special operations.
• Established in February 1987, MARCOS possesses versatile capabilities to operate effectively across diverse environments, encompassing sea, air, and land.
• Over time, the force has accumulated valuable experience, earning an esteemed international reputation for its high level of professionalism.
  • MARCOS routinely engage in specialized maritime operations in regions such as Jammu and Kashmir, navigating the Jhelum River and Wular Lake with precision and expertise.