Why is it in the News?

Lake Victoria, the largest freshwater lake in Africa and the world’s second-largest faces numerous environmental challenges that demand collective efforts for restoration and conservation.

About Lake Victoria:

Geography:

• Located in East Africa and bordered by Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya.
• Africa's largest lake by area (approximately 59,947 km²) and the world's second-largest freshwater lake after Lake Superior.
• Lies in a shallow depression within the East African Rift Valley.
• The average depth of 40 meters, maximum depth of 80-81 meters.

Hydrology:

• The main source of water is rainfall, supplemented by rivers like the Kagera.
• The only outlet is the Victoria Nile, which flows into the White Nile and ultimately the Nile River.
• Plays a crucial role in the water supply and livelihoods of millions of people in East Africa.

Ecology:

• Supports a diverse ecosystem with over 200 fish species, including the Nile perch and Nile tilapia.
• Important habitat for birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
• Facing challenges like pollution, overfishing, and invasive species.

History and Culture:

• Named after Queen Victoria by British explorer John Hanning Speke in 1858.
• Has been a vital source of transportation, trade, and food for centuries.
• Plays a significant role in the cultural traditions and folklore of the surrounding communities.