Why in the News?

India has been witnessing a sharp increase in eye infections, specifically conjunctivitis. Amid heavy rainfall, Delhi and nearby areas have reported multiple cases of conjunctivitis.

About Conjunctivitis:

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as "pink eye," is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, which is the thin, clear tissue that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inner surface of the eyelids. It can affect one or both eyes and is a highly contagious condition.

Causes of Conjunctivitis:

• Bacterial Infection: Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae, can cause bacterial conjunctivitis.
• Viral Infection: Viruses, including adenoviruses, can lead to viral conjunctivitis. This form of conjunctivitis is highly contagious and is often associated with colds or respiratory infections.
• Allergies: Allergic conjunctivitis occurs due to an allergic reaction to substances like pollen, pet dander, dust mites, or certain medications.
• Irritants: Exposure to irritants like smoke, chemicals, or foreign objects in the eye can cause irritant conjunctivitis.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis:

• Redness of the eyes
• Watery or thick, yellowish discharge from the eyes
• Itchiness or burning sensation in the eyes
• Sensitivity to light
• Crusty eyelids or lashes, especially in the morning (more common in bacterial conjunctivitis)
• Swelling of the conjunctiva
• Blurred vision

Treatment:

• The treatment of conjunctivitis depends on its underlying cause:
• Bacterial conjunctivitis: Antibiotic eye drops or ointments are commonly prescribed to treat bacterial infections.
• Viral conjunctivitis: Since it is caused by a virus, antibiotics won't work. The symptoms are often relieved with supportive measures like artificial tears, cold compresses, and good hygiene practices to prevent spreading.
• Allergic conjunctivitis: Avoiding allergens is essential. Antihistamine eye drops or oral medications can help alleviate symptoms.
• Irritant conjunctivitis: Removing the irritant and using artificial tears can help soothe the eyes.

Prevention:

• To prevent the spread of conjunctivitis, one should follow these measures:
• Frequent handwashing.
• Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes.
• Avoid sharing towels, pillowcases, or eye makeup with an infected person.
• Avoid close contact with individuals showing symptoms of conjunctivitis.